At its core, multilingualism refers to the ability or practice of using more than one language, but it operates at two interrelated levels, individual and societal. Individual multilingualism describes a person’s ability to speak and…
Indigenous Torwali people’s resistance to harmful hydropower in Swat Pakistan By Zubair Torwali “We are a nation.” For most people, this phrase is an abstract political expression. For us—the Torwali people of upper Swat—it is a lived…
Madyan Hydropower Project in its current form and without Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is not acceptable to the Indigenous Torwali people—Declares the traditional council/Jirga of the Torwali people in Bahrain Swat.
The Journey of Resistance by the Save River Swat Movement (Darya-e Swat Bachau Tehreek) against the Madyan Hydropower Project Zubair Torwali (These remarks were presented at the jirga held in Bahrain on 21 November 2025 under the auspices…
Customary practices among Indigenous Torwali community of Swat By Usman Torwali In the lap of Hindukush, nestled in the picturesque landscape of tall wavering alpine trees, snow-caped mountains, pastures, cascading tributaries to the…
Torwali Notes! Compare this picture with present-day Bahrain! This is a photograph of Bahrain from the 1980s. All the houses are made of natural materials — stone, wood, and mud. If you look at today’s Bahrain in Swat, it seems like a city…
