"Our class was full of human knowledge. We had a teacher who believed in us; he didn't hide our power, he advertised it". ̶ Jasso & Jasso, 1995, p. 255 I have one question for you: if you were to build a house, would you start from the…
“Language is a political institution; those who are wise in its ways, capable of using it to shape and serve important personal and social goals, will be the ones who are ‘empowered’; able, that is, not merely to participate effectively in…
Abstract In 1921, George Grierson, the editor of the Linguistic Survey of India, wrote the following words about what we now call the “Kohistani” languages of northern Pakistan: “These languages are being gradually superseded by Pashto, and…
The medieval Mumlikat-e-Gibar of northeastern Afghanistan and the northern areas of Pakistan was established as a Muslim Tajik sultanate in about 1190 AD. Being ruled in tandem by two brothers, Sultan Bahram and Sultan Pakhal (or Fahkal)…
Language plays a vital role in the presentation of a particular culture as it helps to pass on this from one generation to another. Languages keep changing a little bit with the passage of time and this leads to the origin of new languages.…
When I still used to lend a hand in the fields to my father, now 78, he would refer to a certain guy, Bahadar |bahadər|, for his oral traditions about the right weather for sowing and harvesting. At that time, I was in college and was…
The issue of sectarian violence in Gilgit–Baltistan cannot be analysed through idealized view which tends to paint the region as idyllic paradise where no violence occurred in history before the advent of modernity. On the contrary, the…
